Mortgage Deals Lending

Mortgagedealslending Uk Tag Lh Mortgage Deals Lending 译网情深 - 打印此主题 - 一些杂七杂八的工作中收集的glossary

Mortgagedealslending Uk Tag Lh Mortgage Deals Lending

al vs. historical 这也就是为什么有两种计算variance的公式的原因:一种是估计值,所以的E(x),用P(i)*R(iI)来计算;另外一种则是历史数据,所以要除以n(如是sample,则除以n-1);另外Cov的计算方法也不一样,一种是Pi*(R(i)-E(i)),一种是除以N,总之区别就是一种用概率p,一种则是除以n。另外记住,Corr的公式是Cov/S1*S2。
Mortgagedealslending x Mortgagedealslending l Tag c Mortgagedealslending tsearchipsearchi Tag i osearcht Tag
fiscal policy 财政政策(试与monetary policy对比),其表现为tax,budget deficit/surplus
front running 先跑 利用掌握若干信息的優勢而優先處理若干買賣盤的這種違規行為
game theory; prisoner's dilemma 博奕理论; or "interactive decision"
GATT General Agreement on Tariff and Trade
gross of (or) net of 包含,或,不包含
guesstimate 瞎猜
high-net-worth individual rich man
histogram 柱状图
historical simulation 利用历史数据,随机抽取,预测未来;缺点:1. 不能考虑某些特定情况; 2. 不能进行”what if"分析。
impinge on 侵犯(independence)
inaction 无作为
income elasticity equals Qty change/income change, if >1, then necessity, if <1, then luxury
inconsistent probabilities 指两项资产的定价是根据同一事件的不同概率做出的,从而有套利的可能性
independent events by definition: P(A!B)=P(A)
independent variable 自变量,也称explanatory/exogenous/predicting variable
indifference curve 无差异曲线(可以是苹果、梨子的组合,也可以是风险和回报的组合);记住图形形状
indirect quote FC/DC, used in UK and US
inferior good 劣质产品
intercept 截距
interest rate parity theorem "利息平价理论 利率平价理论 (Interest Rate Parity) 指出,在汇率和利率之间应该有套戥的机会。它的意思是,一个货币的升值或贬值,都应该会随着利率的改变而被抵消。比方说,如果美元利率比日圆利率高的话,那么根据利率平价理论,美元兑日圆应该会下跌。它的理据是,由于持有日圆要付出利息,所以投资者便需要通过汇率下跌来得到相应的补偿。

但是,自1990年以来,尽管美元利率比日圆利率高,可是美元兑日圆却升值了,所以利率平价理论被否定。其中一个理由是,投资者为了赚取更高的利息收入,而把资金转移到高息的货币,因此令该高息货币升值。这种买卖策略被称为 “carry trades”。"
interval scale 等距尺度(按相等间距,例如温度,但零不表示任何意义)
J-Curve effect 指本国货币贬值后,贸易差额暂时恶化(即更为逆差)的情况(因为合同是长期的,以贬值的货币去购买国外产品会更糟)
kurtosis 峰度
least square regression line 最小平方回归直线
leptokurtic 尖峰状
loanable funds
lognormal distribution 对数常态分布 Y=ex 其中x是常态分布,但显然Y不是,特点:1. Skewed right; 2. Always>0
lowball 虚低价
M0, M1, M2 M0为流通现金,M1为M0加上活期存款,M2为M1加上定期存款
MAD(mean absolute deviation) 平均绝对离差
marginal probability a.k.a., unconditional probability
marginal revenue product 边际收益产品(note:this is from the viewpoint of input) 等于边际收益乘以边际产品。如果厂商追加一单位投人进行生产并出售产品而得到一个额外收人,那么这个额外收人就是边际收益产品。(等于marginal product * final good price (in case of price taker)) ,实际上就是marginal revenue,只不过是从resource/input的角度来看
marginal utility 边际效用
market risk premium 这是将整个market视为一个portfolio,将其回报率(已经考虑了systematic risk)与nomial RF rate的差值作为基准,
markup 涨价
mode 众数
monopolistic competition 介于monopoly/oligopoly和pure/perfect competition之间的一种市场形态,特点是多个独立厂商,生产不同质的产品
Monte Carlo simulation 利用随机数,产生随机样本,以预测投资策略等; 之所以用simulation是因为mathematical计算可能过于复杂
mosaic theory 通过各个公开渠道的信息得出某个结论
MPC Marginal propensity to consume; expenditure multiplier = 1/(1-MPC)
multiplication rule P(AB)=P(A!B)*P(B)
mutually exclusive vs. independent mutually exclusive意指一次只能发生一个event,而independent指两个event互相不为条件,对于前者P(A or B)=P(A)+P(B); 对于后者P(A!B)=P(A), P(AB)=P(A)*P(B)
natural monopoly 自然垄断;传统经济学理论定义的自然垄断是指如下情况:由于生产技术具有规模经济的特征,平均成本随产量的增加而递减,从而,最小有效规模要求只有一个企业生产。 一个厂商或一个行业的产品的平均成本,在其规模扩大的整个过程中都明显下降,例如地方电力传输。在这种场合,该行业若由一个厂商、或由一个垄断厂商来经营,就会比多个企业能更有效率地提供全部产出。 最重要的特点就是economies of scale
nominal risk-free rate 即real RF rate再考虑inflation premium的因素 注意:是(1+a)(1+b)=1+c,近似为c=a+b
nominal scale 名义尺度(没有顺序,随机)
normal distribution 常态分布 features: 1. Symmetrical; 2. Skewness=0; 3. Kurtosis=3; 4. Fixed confidence interval (68%-1, 90%-1.65, 95%-1.96, 99%-2.58)
null hypothesis 虚无假设(即意欲推翻的假设)
odd lot 零星交易/股票
odds 等于P(A)/(1-P(A))
one-tailed, one-sided 推翻null hypothesis后,剩下的结论只是一边的,如a<0
ordinal scale 顺序尺度(按次序)
parameter (在统计学中),指总体(population)的一个属性
performance bond 履约保证金
permutation and combination 排列与组合 (即P与C)
philips curve relations between inflation and unemployment rate
platykurtic 扁平状
policy ineffectiveness theorem believes that policy changes only affect prices, not affecting output or unemployment; therefore, non-activist
power of the test 等于1 - 出现Type II error的几率,如果有多个tests,应该选取最powerful,也即power of the test值最大的test
preclear, prior clearance 事先批准(比如防止雇员私自个人交易)
price ceilings/floors tend to lead to shortage/surplus
price discrimination 价格歧视;差别定价
price taker vs. price searcher price searcher生产的是differentiated products, while price taker manufactures the same products, therefore it is inelastic
principal-agent problem 地主-佣工之矛盾
probability density function (pdf) f(x)=1/(b-a) 几率密度函数
proprietary trader (证券)自营商
prospect prospective client
provision "拨备“
proxy voting 代理投票
purchasing power parity 购买力平价理论 (Purchasing Power Parity) 指出,货币汇率应该按照每个国家之间的相对物价为标准,也就是说,两个货币的汇率应该等于这两个国家的物价水平(以一固定揽子的货物和服务来计算)的比例。因此,如果物价上升或出现通胀,货币就应该贬值,来抵消任何套戥的机会。而套戥机会的意思是,当同一件货物有不同的价钱,买方与卖方就可以在没有风险的情况下,通过短期的价格差距来获得的利润。
quantile 分位数
range 极差(统);最大值减去最小值
ratio scale 比例尺度(最好的表示法,例如钱)
real risk-free rate 即利率
referral fee 介绍人(客户)费
required reserve ratio (银行)要求准备金
safety-first rules
sampling distribution sampling引起的不同mean的distribution,注意,这和underlying variable的distribution是不同的
sampling error 相当于sample mean减去population mean
scatter plot 分布图(两个变量作为X、Y轴)
second law of demand 指从长期来看,price elasticity要比短期的大(因为短期不好找到substitute,而长期可以找到)
Securities Firms with Concurrent Operations in (Futures Trading Business ) 他业兼营
SFratio = (E(Rp)-Rl)/s 这里SF指satety first,该公式与Sharpe ratio很像(Rp-Rf)/s,区别是用threshold值代替了risk-free return,其含义是:同一个unit的风险,高于Rl的值越大,越好 注意:threshold的值取得不同,最佳portfolio的选取结果也是不一样的
Sharpe ratio=(Rp-Rf)/standard deviation of portfolio It measures excess return per unit of risk, so that the quality of the return of different portfolios can be compared,描述每单位风险带来的收益。注意与变异系数的区别。
shortfall risk (资产)价格掉到某个水平之下的风险
sight L/C 即期信用证
significance level 显著标准;用于衡量出现Type I 错误的几率;用Alpha表示 写为at a significance level of 5%
simple linear regression 一个倚变数和一个自变数之间的线性关系
simple random sampling 被选中的机会均等
skewness 偏态(理解positive skew和negative skew的形成(是因为有非常大的outlier的存在,造成比如mean>median>mode, 对于positive而言)
soft dollars products or services other than execution of securities transactions are obtained by an adviser from or through a broker-dealer in exchange for the direction by the adviser of client brokerage transactions to the broker-dealer
special drawing rights (with IMF) 特别提款权
spot 现货
spurious correlation 伪关联
SPV (Special Purpose Vehicle) 资产证券化是指将缺乏流动性但能够产生未来现金流的资产,通过结构性重组,转变为可以在金融市场上销售和流通的证券,并据以融资的过程。在这一过程中,原始权益人将被证券化的基础资产转移给特别目的载体(SPV),SPV以该基础资产所产生的现金流为支撑向投资者发行资产支撑证券,并用发行收入购买基础资产,最终以基础资产所产生的现金流偿还投资者。
squared error 平方误差
stagflation 滞胀
standard error 等于s/n1/2,因为是mean的s,所以要比underlying population的s要小很多,而且sample size越大,s越小
standard error of sample mean 等于:s/n1/2 (s是population的standard deviation,而n是sample size) 相当于:不同sample means 的mean仍然是population的mean,但是sample means离polulation mean的standard deviation则要小了 如果population的s未知,则用sample的s近似替代
standard normal distribution 标准常态分布 features: 1. Mean=0; 2. S=1 (standard deviation)
statutory (tax) incidence 政府规定是由买方还是卖方承担tax;不会影响实际的tax incidence或deadweight loss
stratified random sampling 与simple的不同之处在于其是在strata中选取的
sunk costs 即fixed costs
test statistic 检定统计量(=(sample statistic - hypothesized value)/standard error)
time series sample vs. cross-sectional data 一个是不同时间点,一个是同一个时间点
trade-date accounting vs. settlement-date accounting 交易发生日 和 结算日
t-test 条件比z-test更宽泛(sample size<30; not normally distributed; population variance unknown)
two-tailed, two-sided 推翻null hypothesis后,剩下的结论有两边,如a不等于0
Type I error 推翻了原本正确的hypothesis的错误
Type II error 错误的hypothesis而没有推翻
unimodal, bimodal 单一众数;双众数
Unitary elasticity 单位弹性(指价格和需求的反向变化正好抵消,也即价格×需求的值不变)
usance L/C 远期信用证
whisper number 谣言的数字(比如某个公司实际的盈利,但尚未披露)
z-test 两个条件:1. Population variance已知;2. Normal distribution
z-value =(x-mean)/s 由z的值判定该值的可能性落在哪个百分比之内,要注意的是,这个z值对应的是cumulative,不过用1减去对应的百分比就是反面的负值,从而可以得出一个分布的范围 同样要记住的是:z反映的是standard deviation的倍数
voluntary export restraint 自动出口设限; a non-tariff barrier to trade
unified currency 统一货币,如欧元
nostro account 国外同业帐户 A banking term to describe an account one bank holds with a bank in a foreign country, usually in the currency of that foreign country
Herstatt risk 跨国货币结算风险(或赫思塔特风险)
summary suspension 立刻吊销??
cannibalization 市场侵蚀 Corporate cannibalism occurs when companies introduce new products into a market in which these products are already established. In effect, the new products are competing against their own incumbent products.
floating cost 发行(股票)费用
externality impact on (third party??)
cash outlay 现金支出
half-year convention 即3年的Depreciation期要延长为4年(因为头尾两年都是落在年中)
accountability (董事)问责制
TIE ratio (Times Interest Earned) = EBIT/Interest 利息倍数(衡量liquidity偿债能力)
clean, qualified, adverse, disclaimer of opinions 无保留意见,保留意见,反面意见,拒绝表示意见(Audit Report中)
intermediary 中介机构
tax credit 免税/抵税(比如fuel credit)
recoverability test
Lessee's incremental borrowing rate the rate of interest the lessee would have to pay on a similar lease or, if that is not determinable, the rate that, at the inception of the lease, the lessee would incur to borrow over a similar term, and with a similar security, the funds necessary to purchase the asset.
carrying cost 持有成本?
boot strapping 用自己的钱投资创业;compared with "venture capital"
corner the market 庄家控股
pooling of interests






(grant) indulgence 延期
(through) consultations (通过)协商
?? 权利主张
?? 专享选择权
?? 公契
a quorum is not constituted 未达到法定人数
abatement 减免
Accountability System 问责制
accrued obligations and rights 已生效的权利和义务
ad valorem duty 从价税
admissibility in evidence 作为证据可被接受
adoption 通过
advance 垫款
affiliate 关联方
AHU 空气处理(系统)
allegation 主张,指控
ancillary agreement 附属协议
approval authority 审批机关
arm's length 公平;但这里的公平更多的是independent的意思
arranger 安排行??
assert (right) 主张
assign 受让人
audit committee 审计委员会
authorized share capital 法定股本
auto walk 自动扶梯
be aware of 知悉
be subject to criminal prosecution; be held criminally liable 追究刑事责任
binding on … 对…有约束力
bonded warehouse 保税仓库
book entry bond 记账式国债 ( Securities that are recorded in electronic records, called book entries, rather than as paper certificates. )
business registration certificate 公司注册登记证
BVI (British Virgin Islands)
cancel share(s) 注销股份
capital adequacy ratio 资本充足率
capital allowance 资本免税额
capital verification report 验资报告
carve-out ???
Cash collateral 现金抵押(通常是由原始权益人在一个共管帐户(ESCREW ACCOUNT)中存入相当于发行规模一定比例的现金,比如6%10%,用于可能出现信用损 dMortgagedealslending Uk Tag Lh Mortgage Deals Lending 译网情深 - 打印此主题 - 一些杂七杂八的工作中收集的glossaryh Mortgage Deals Lending Forex Lending Mortgage Deals Lending vMortgagedealslending Uk Tag Lh Mortgage Deals Lending 译网情深 - 打印此主题 - 一些杂七杂八的工作中收集的glossaryo Mortgage Deals Lending